Project Management; computer charting

Abstract Since modern business management requires efficient information management, healthcare providers require enhancing the management of patient information. Thus the concept of computer charting emerges. This paper identifies Charting by Exception, popularly referred to as CBE, as one of the most useful modern computer charting systems.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management; computer charting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Implementation of CBE is a complicated process, but can be effective undertaken through a simple project management model. As such, the paper describes CBE project implementation against the 4 D project management model. This model is preferred for its simplicity as well as ability to track project progress. Introduction Modern business management requires efficient management of information. Within the healthcare industry, the management of patient information is vital as it determines the success of healthcare provision. The need to enhance the management of information has led to the development of computer charting a concept that incorporates the use of IT based patient information management tools. Computer charting systems have a broad based primary objective; however, the overarching aim seems to be improving efficiency in documentation of patient information. This is aimed at increasing accuracy in decision making regarding the patient care. As a result, the healthcare industry accrues numerous advantages from computer charting (Keenan, Yakel, Tschannen and Mandeville, n.d.). The ever changing trends in healthcare information management require consistent changes to existing information management tools. While current computer charting systems ensure increased efficiency in patient information management, they are also time consuming since healthcare experts, especially nurses, spend a lot of time keying data in computer charting systems. This reduces the amount of time nurses spend with patients (Harrison, 2003; Huff, 2004). The need for improved computer charting systems in the healthcare industry is necessitated by the desire to reduce the time spent in documentation. This translates to more time available for nurses to provide patient care. Additionally, other than reducing charting errors and omissions, the need to reduce redundancies in management of patient information necessitates systems change. This therefore calls for the transition from the current computer charting to Charting by Exception, CBE (Jaffe, 2011). CBE is an improved version of the traditional computer charting systems already in the market. Compared to other computer charting systems, CBE offers numerous advantages to tertiary healthcare providers.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other than creating a legally recognized patient data base, CBE eliminates the need for narrative documentation as it only focuses on variances or exceptional patient information. This is attained through recording information that varies from normal charting protocol. CBE uses standard information management tools such as graphs, sheets, among others. Despite being a rather complex system to implement, CBE is recommended for tertiary healthcare institutions (Jaffe, 2011). Thus, the main objective of CBE is to increase time available for nursing care by reducing documentation time, further enhancing accuracy in decision making for tertiary healthcare providers. As mentioned earlier, CBE provides additional advantages in the management of patient information for tertiary healthcare providers as compared to other computer charting systems available. Additionally, CBE is a complicated system. Therefore, its implementation needs a simple project management model. There are numerous project management models, but according to Fischer (2005), 4 D models are the most preferable since they are not only simple but also help project managers verify their project plans at both the strategic and tactical level. Additionally, 4 D models enable managers to minimize and optimize risks as well as enabling managers to follow project progress while addressing emerging opportunities for change. Project management process The 4 D model is linear and involves four sequential stages. Most projects fail due to lack of a clear project definition. As such, the 4 D model requires a clear detailed definition for the project at hand. A detailed definition for the project includes clear objectives. Additionally, project managers need to identify the desired outcomes for the projects at the definition stage (Park and Meier, 2007). As indicated earlier, the main objective of CBE is to increase time available for nurses to provide care by reducing documentation time, while further enhancing accuracy in decision making for tertiary healthcare provide rs. In line with this, the desired outcome for CBE is to limit the time used by tertiary healthcare providers during documentation. Reduced documentation time implies that nurses have extra time. Additionally, CBEs main aim is to reduce errors and thus improve decision making. To achieve the objective stipulated above requires project managers to set realizable time based goals. As such, since this involves transition to a complicated computer charting system, adequate time is needed to train nurses, manage transition, test and measure its effectiveness and correct changes before delivery. Depending on the size of institution, managers need one to two months to fully implement CBE (Jaffe, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management; computer charting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The most difficult stage is the designing stage. Designing largely involves planning how the objectives are to be ach ieved. In this case, a step by step plan seems relevant (Park and Meier, 2007). Appropriate actions which culminate in the implementation of CBE are identified. Such actions mainly focus on testing CBEs viability, evaluation and feedback reporting, as well as incorporating necessary adjustments. To enable this, a project management checklist seems relevant. Such a list not only allows the manager to track the project progress but also record events. In the designing stage, a number of assumptions are made. For instance, the project manager assumes that the healthcare institution charting protocols meets State charting requirements. Additionally, the project manager assumes that nurses understand existing charting protocols. To avoid any conflict with state authorities, the manager is required to consult attorneys as well as human service representatives within that State. While planning is aligned to the objective set, the project manager needs to also estimate the cost for the enti re project. In this case, the cost for training nurses, the cost of the new system, materials needed, contingency plans, the cost incurred while testing and evaluation are factored in. A project of such magnitude involves a number of risks. It is the role of the manager to identify all the possible management and systems risks. Since CBE offers legally valid patients data, there is the risk of using such data in a lawsuit against the healthcare provider. Additionally, since CBE only records variance or exceptions from the norm, it eliminates the need for narrative data, which poses future liability risks. Moreover, time and money budgeting is done on estimates, thus the risk of cost overruns (Jaffe, 2011). Of the four stages, the actual implementation takes the longest time. The Doing it stage involves carrying out the activities according to plan (Park and Meier, 2007). This stage involves training the nurses on how to use CBE. After training, nurses gather all the standard CBE for ms in a specific location. Using a CBE checklist, nurses read each of the patient notations according to the institutions charting protocol and mark against the checklist where patient data matches the existing charting protocol. Any variances noted are recorded in narrative form and entered into the system. A resident physician is notified (Jaffe, 2011). Within the process, nurses also record the progress and challenges. Such records provide valuable feedback to the project manager. With the information provided from the feedback report, the manager leads the project management team in making a thorough review on the success of the project. The purpose of conducting a thorough review is to identify opportunities for improvement. Adjustments are made to the systems design. This provides the manager with a system fully designed to serve the unique needs of the particular healthcare institution (Park and Meier, 2007). The system is thus ready for delivery.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The delivery stage is the final phase of the project. This stage mainly involves measuring the actual outcomes against the initial objectives. The usefulness of the products is evaluated against the previous products. Thus, the manager tests whether CBE enables nurses to reduce documentation time, and whether errors and omissions are reduced. The success of the products is determined by evaluating the extent at which CBE improves decision making regarding patients care. Additionally, managers evaluates whether the time saved is spent providing patient care (Park and Meier, 2007; Jaffe, 2011). Conclusion Despite the fact that computer charting is not a new concept, new trends in information management require healthcare providers to constantly evaluate the usefulness of existing information management tools. Since traditional methods of computer charting fail to address the concept of efficient time management, CBE seems relevant especially for tertiary healthcare providers. Implemen tation of CBE is a complicated project, but the 4 D project management model significantly simplifies the process of implementation. Despite the numerous risks associated with CBE, the system accrues numerous benefits to tertiary healthcare providers. Most significantly, the system increases time available for nurses to provide care to patients, minimize errors thus enhancing decision making. Reference List Fischer, M. (2005). 4D Modeling: Applications and benefits. Web. Harrison, B. (2003). Becoming familiar with computerized charting. Web. Huff, C. (2004). Off the Chart? Web. Jaffe, S. (2011). Nursing practice skill. Web. Keenan, G., Yakel, E., Tschannen, D. and Mandeville, M.  Chapter 49. Documentation and the nurse care planning process. Web. Park, B. and Meier, R. (2007). Reality-based construction project management: constraint-based 4D simulation environment. Journal of Industrial Technology 23(1) This essay on Project Management; computer charting was written and submitted by user Adrien Mcmahon to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Best AP Psychology Notes to Study With

The Best AP Psychology Notes to Study With SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Note-taking can get disorganized even for the most conscientious among us. It's hard to sort through a whole year's worth of material, especially in an AP class that covers a wide range of topics and theories. This article is intended to serve as a one-stop-shop for comprehensive notes on all the topics covered in AP Psychology. Whether you lost your class notes on cognition or just want an easier way to see everything in one place, the links in this article will help make your study process more focused and less stressful! How to Use These AP Psychology Notes You can use these notes as study aids for in-class tests or to review for the final exam. Supplement them with resources you’ve gotten from your teacher in class and other notes you’ve taken throughout the year. If you know that there’s an especially great explanation of a certain concept in your textbook, use that to help you review as well. You might also consider buying a review book if you're looking for more guidance in planning out your studying (see my article on the best AP Psychology books). If you're studying for the AP test as a whole, take a diagnostic practice test before diving into these notes. That way you can see where you're making the most mistakes and focus your studying on the appropriate areas. Taking practice tests at regular intervals throughout the study process will give you a better idea of whether or not you’re absorbing the material. Real-time practice tests will also help you get used to managing your time effectively so that you’re prepared for the way the final exam is structured. You’ll be answering 100 multiple-choice questions in 70 minutes, so appropriate pacing is critical! In the next section, I’ll go through a list of all the topics that are covered in AP Psychology and provide links to online notes for all of them. Don't forget to time your practice tests! And if you use a weird old-timey stopwatch like this one, make sure you know how to divide by five. AP Psychology Notes These are the most easy-to-follow online notes I could find for the material covered in AP Psychology. For each topic area, I’ve included the percentage of final exam questions that pertain to the subject and two links, one to regular notes and one to a PowerPoint presentation that shows the information in a slightly different form. The WikiNotes links are more detailed, so you should go over them first. The PowerPoint notes provide more of a brief overview of concepts and can serve as a quick review tool. It’s likely that your course will be structured roughly in the same order as the topics presented here, so it should be easy to find the information you need to study for in-class tests throughout the year. History and Approaches (2-4% of exam) WikiNotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Research Methods (8-10% of exam) WikiNotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Biological Bases of Behavior (8-10% of exam) Wikinotes Neural Processing and the Endocrine System The Brain Genetics, Evolutionary Psychology, and Behavior PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Sensation and Perception (6-8% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources States of Consciousness (2-4% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Learning (7-9% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Cognition (8-10% of exam) Wikinotes Memory Thinking, Problem Solving, Creativity, and Language PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources (Part 2) Motivation and Emotion (6-8% of exam) Wikinotes Motivation Emotions, Stress, and Health PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Developmental Psychology (7-9% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Personality (5-7% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Testing and Individual Differences (5-7% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Abnormal Psychology (7-9% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint (Part 1 and Part 2) General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Treatment of Psychological Disorders (5-7% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources (Part 2) Social Psychology (8-10% of exam) Wikinotes PowerPoint General Topic Outline Notes with Video Resources Overall Review Sheets Full Test Review List of Terms and People to Remember Interactive Glossary Additional Unit PowerPoints Printing out the notes instead of reading them on your computer is also an option. If you think you'll need to highlight important points, it's probably a good idea! AP Psychology Study Strategies Learning all of this information might be tough if you don't have a game plan. Here are some tips for getting the most out of your time. Tip #1: Flashcards Are Your Friends To succeed in AP Psychology, you must have excellent recall of a large library of terms. Some of these are constants of human behavior that you didn’t know had official names, and others are more obscure terms for the biological components of psychological responses. It’s critical to be fluent in the terminology surrounding every concept if you want to end up with a high score. You should also know the names of prominent psychologists and understand their contributions to the field. Quizzing yourself with flashcards is the best way to ensure that you’re prepared. I’d recommend Quizlet as a starting point (after you read through the notes and refresh your memory) because it offers many sets of online flashcards that you can use for practice. Of course, you can always write out your own physical flashcards if you prefer to do things the old fashioned way! This may be more effective because writing down definitions helps to reinforce your memory. Tip #2: Relate Psych Concepts to Everyday Life The concepts in this course will show up in your daily life when you make decisions, interact socially, get stressed about schoolwork (very meta!), or really do anything. As you read the notes, try to think of personal examples that relate to what you’re learning. Besides helping you memorize the material, this can give you some interesting insight into why you’ve made certain decisions in your life (or why other people you know may have made certain decisions). Even outside of your active study time, if you notice a particular behavior, try to relate it to something you’ve learned. You probably won’t forget a term or concept if you anchor it to a real experience. Tip #3: Give Yourself Regular Checkups Don’t go over a section of notes once, quiz yourself, and then decide that you’re done with it forever. Every few topic areas, circle back and do a holistic review of everything you’ve learned so far. Make a point of constantly refreshing your memory so that nothing gets lost in the shuffle. You can use the complete review sheets I’ve linked at the end of the notes section as resources for these review sessions. With an aggressive treatment plan, you can hope to recover from your ignorance. Conclusion: Getting the Most Out of AP Psych Notes These notes and strategies should help you get started on your AP Psychology review. You can even use the notes on a unit-by-unit basis if you're just studying for a short quiz or test. Just remember to take practice tests to keep yourself on track, and continue consulting any resources you've accumulated throughout the year in class. I'd recommend that you also take advantage of the information in my other AP Psychology posts (links are in the first section of this article) to get more advice on how to structure your studying and ensure a high score on the final exam! What's Next? Are you concerned about the AP Psychology test? Read this article to decide whether it will be especially challenging for you. What is Stockholm Syndrome, and how is it viewed in psychology circles? Learn more about this condition and its debated legitimacy in this article. It's not easy to decide which AP classes to take in high school. Depending on how many options you have, you could structure your schedule in vastly different ways. Check out this guide to learn how many AP classes you should take in high school based on your goals and circumstances. If you want to avoid overwhelming yourself with a ridiculous schedule, it's also a good idea to be aware of which AP classes test the most challenging material. Read our article on the hardest AP classes here. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Risks management analysis during Development stage of the Channel Term Paper

Risks management analysis during Development stage of the Channel Tunnel Project, Including management of environmental risks du - Term Paper Example (Yan-juan, Ding-li, & Jian-jun, 2009 p2). This is then followed by the assessment of the influence of the excavation on underground strata structures, and how such excavation might lead to their deformation. To reduce the probability of these risks, the Construction, Design and Management Regulations have been developed to aid the monitoring and avoidance of the risks. The necessary controls are then implemented immediately, to prevent the occurrence of the risks (Aritua, 2011 p304). When all that information is collected, a program detailing the nature of the strata and how it might be influenced by the excavation of the tunnel is developed (ProQuest, 2012 p2). The details of the settlement and deformation of the strata are recorded, and a scheme to control the occurrence of the deformation of the strata then generated (Yan-juan, Ding-li, & Jian-jun, 2009 p3). The monitoring and current control strategies are then established, to ensure that the influences of the excavation are cons tantly monitored and Consistent management of the site and the assessment of the structures is done on a real-time basis, and any necessary control and rectification implemented. The risks that were poorly identified were the risks to do with site investigation, which forms the basis for providing adequate information regarding what type of products can be undertaken on the area. This resulted to the establishment of risk registers for tunneling that details every aspect of the site, to ensure that all ground risks have been assessed, and the appropriate features registered, to inform the nature of the most viable project (ProQuest, 2012 p1). Environmental Risk Management during the project life cycle The project life cycle consists of four main stages namely the identification, definition, implementation and the closure stage (Lycett, 2004 p292). However, there are various environmental risks factors that are associated with these stages of the project lifecycle, which contributes to the complexity of the project. The competition for contractors was identified as the major environmental risk, since the construction companies with critical resources and the ability to mobiles are always in constant competition (Aritua, 2011 p310). The organizational structure and the project team coordination is yet another environmental risk factor that was identified, that contributes to the complexity of the project, if not adequately addressed. Social complexity is yet another environmental risk factor, which is contributed by the various actors in the project, and their diverse interests, who may include the politicians and the surrounding communities. Their conflict of interest serves to delay the implementation of the project (Clifton, 2011 p47). However, the reputational risk was poorly assessed. This risk emanates from the direct relationship between the project and the end-users, as well as the stakeholders, since the reputation of a project, is considered a vulnerab le asset, which depends on the project environment to have it sustained (Eisner, 2000 p12). The environmental risks were assessed through assessing the interaction between the project, the people and the organizations, in terms of aspects such as politics and ambiguity, which serves to complicate the